SHORT BIOGRAPHIES

Michael Faraday, 1842
Born	22 September 1791 Newington Butts, England
Died	25 August 1867 (aged 75) Hampton Court, Middlesex, England
Residence	United Kingdom
Nationality	British
Fields	Physics and Chemistry
Institutions	Royal Institution
Known for	Faraday's law of induction Electrochemistry Faraday effect Faraday cage Faraday constant Faraday cup Faraday's laws of electrolysis Faraday paradox Faraday rotator Faraday-efficiency effect Faraday wave Faraday wheel Lines of force
Influences	Humphry Davy William Thomas Brande
Notable awards	Royal Medal (1835 & 1846) Copley Medal (1832 & 1838) Rumford Medal (1846) Albert Medal (1866)
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Archimedes of Syracuse
Archimedes Thoughtful by Fetti (1620)
Native name	Ἀρχιμήδης
Born	c. 287 BC Syracuse, Sicily Magna Graecia
Died	c. 212 BC (aged around 75) Syracuse
Residence	Syracuse, Sicily
Fields	Mathematics Physics Engineering Astronomy Invention
Known for	Archimedes' principle Archimedes' screw hydrostatics levers infinitesimals

Georg Simon Ohm
Born	16 March 1789 Erlangen, Brandenburg-Bayreuth (present-day Germany)
Died	6 July 1854 (aged 65) Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria
Residence	Brandenburg-Bayreuth,Bavaria
Nationality	German
Fields	physics (electricity)
Institutions	University of Munich
Alma mater	University of Erlangen
Doctoral advisor	Karl Christian von Langsdorf
Known for	Ohm's law Ohm's phase law Ohm's acoustic law
Notable awards	Copley Medal (1841)

Pierre Curie
Born	15 May 1859 Paris, France
Died	19 April 1906 (aged 46) Paris, France
Nationality	French
Fields	Physics
Alma mater	Sorbonne
Doctoral advisor	Gabriel Lippmann
Doctoral students	Paul Langevin André-Louis Debierne Marguerite Catherine Perey
Known for	Radioactivity Curie's law
Notable awards	Davy Medal (1903) Nobel Prize in Physics[a] (1903) Matteucci Medal (1904) Elliott Cresson Medal (1909)
Spouse	Marie Skłodowska-Curie (m.1895)
Children	Irène Joliot-Curie Ève Curie
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Irène Joliot-Curie
Born	12 September 1897 Paris, France
Died	17 March 1956 (aged 58) Paris, France
Residence	Paris, France
Citizenship	French
Nationality	French, of French and Polish descent
Fields	Chemistry
Alma mater	Sorbonne
Doctoral advisor	Paul Langevin
Doctoral students	her children (see below)
Notable awards	Nobel Prize for Chemistry(1935)
Spouse	Frédéric Joliot-Curie(1900–1958)
Children	Hélène Langevin-Joliot(b. 1927) Pierre Joliot (b. 1932)

Frédéric Joliot-Curie
Born	Jean Frédéric Joliot 19 March 1900 Paris, France
Died	14 August 1958 (aged 58) Paris, France
Nationality	France
Fields	Physics
Alma mater	School of Chemistry and Physics of the city of Paris
Known for	Atomic nuclei
Notable awards	Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1935) Hughes Medal (1947) ForMemRS (1946)[1]
Spouse	Irène Joliot-Curie

Antoine Henri Becquerel
Henri Becquerel, French physicist
Born	15 December 1852 Paris, France
Died	25 August 1908 (aged 55) Le Croisic, Brittany, France
Nationality	French
Fields	Physics, chemistry
Institutions	Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers École Polytechnique Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Alma mater	École Polytechnique École des Ponts et Chaussées
Doctoral students	Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Known for	Discovery of Radioactivity
Notable awards	Rumford Medal (1900) Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) Barnard Medal (1905) ForMemRS (1908)[1]
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Notes
Note that he is the father of Jean Becquerel, the son of A. E. Becquerel, and the grandson ofAntoine César Becquerel.

The Lord Rutherford of Nelson OM FRS
President of the Royal Society
In office 1925–1930
Preceded by	Sir Charles Scott Sherrington
Succeeded by	Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
Personal details
Born	30 August 1871 Brightwater, Tasman District, New Zealand
Died	19 October 1937 (aged 66) Cambridge, England, UK
Citizenship	New Zealand, United Kingdom
Nationality	British and New Zealander
Residence	New Zealand, United Kingdom
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Scientific career
Fields	Physics and Chemistry
Institutions	McGill University University of Manchester University of Cambridge
Alma mater	University of Canterbury University of Cambridge
Academic advisors	Alexander Bickerton J. J. Thomson
Doctoral students	Nazir Ahmed Norman Alexander Edward Victor Appleton Robert William Boyle James Chadwick Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry Norman Feather Alexander MacAulay Cecil Powell Henry DeWolf Smyth Ernest Walton Evan James Williams C. E. Wynn-Williams Yulii Borisovich Khariton
Other notable students	Edward Andrade Edward Victor Appleton Patrick Blackett Niels Bohr Bertram Boltwood Harriet Brooks Teddy Bullard John Cockcroft Charles Galton Darwin Charles Drummond Ellis Kazimierz Fajans Hans Geiger Otto Hahn Douglas Hartree Pyotr Kapitsa Daulat Singh Kothari George Laurence Iven Mackay Ernest Marsden Mark Oliphant Thomas Royds Frederick Soddy
Known for	Discovery of alpha and beta radioactivity Discovery of atomic nucleus(Rutherford model) Rutherford scattering Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Discovery of proton Rutherford (unit) Coining the term 'artificial disintegration'
Influenced	Henry Moseley Hans Geiger Albert Beaumont Wood
Notable awards	Rumford Medal (1904) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1908) Barnard Medal (1910) Elliott Cresson Medal (1910) Matteucci Medal (1913) Copley Medal (1922) Franklin Medal (1924) Albert Medal (1928) Faraday Medal (1930) Wilhelm Exner Medal (1936)

Gabriel Lippmann
Born	Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann 16 August 1845 Bonnevoie/Bouneweg, Luxembourg (since 1921 part of Luxembourg City)
Died	13 July 1921 (aged 75) SS France, Atlantic Ocean
Nationality	France
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Sorbonne
Alma mater	École Normale Supérieure
Doctoral advisor	Gustav Kirchhoff
Other academic advisors	Hermann von Helmholtz[1]
Known for	Lippmann colour photography Integral 3-D photography Lippmann electrometer
Notable awards	Nobel Prize for Physics(1908)

Sir Joseph John Thomson OM PRS
Born	18 December 1856 Cheetham Hill, Manchester,England
Died	30 August 1940 (aged 83) Cambridge, England
Citizenship	British
Nationality	English
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Cambridge
Alma mater	University of Manchester University of Cambridge
Academic advisors	John Strutt (Rayleigh) Edward John Routh
Notable students	Charles Glover Barkla Charles T. R. Wilson Ernest Rutherford Francis William Aston John Townsend J. Robert Oppenheimer Owen Richardson William Henry Bragg H. Stanley Allen John Zeleny Daniel Frost Comstock Max Born T. H. Laby Paul Langevin Balthasar van der Pol Geoffrey Ingram Taylor Niels Bohr
Known for	Plum pudding model Discovery of electron Discovery of isotopes Mass spectrometer invention First m/e measurement Proposed first waveguide Thomson scattering Thomson problem Coining term 'delta ray' Coining term 'epsilon radiation' Thomson (unit)
Notable awards	Smith's Prize (1880) Royal Medal (1894) Hughes Medal (1902) Nobel Prize for Physics (1906) Elliott Cresson Medal (1910) Copley Medal (1914) Albert Medal (1915) Franklin Medal (1922) Faraday Medal (1925)
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Notes
Thomson is the father of Nobel laureateGeorge Paget Thomson.

Louis Pasteur
Photograph by Nadar
Born	December 27, 1822 Dole, France
Died	September 28, 1895 (aged 72) Marnes-la-Coquette, France
Nationality	French
Fields	Chemistry Microbiology
Institutions	University of Strasbourg Lille University of Science and Technology École Normale Supérieure Pasteur Institute
Alma mater	École Normale Supérieure
Notable students	Charles Friedel[1]
Notable awards	Rumford Medal (1856, 1892) ForMemRS (1869)[2] Copley Medal (1874) Albert Medal (1882) Leeuwenhoek Medal (1895)
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Rosalind Elsie Franklin
Born	Rosalind Elsie Franklin 25 July 1920 Notting Hill, London, England
Died	16 April 1958 (aged 37) Chelsea, London, England Ovarian cancer
Resting place	Willesden United Synagogue Cemetery 51.5447°N 0.2399°WCoordinates: 51.5447°N 0.2399°W
Nationality	British
Fields	Physical chemistry X-ray crystallography
Institutions	British Coal Utilisation Research Association Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de l'État King's College, London Birkbeck College, London
Alma mater	Newnham College, Cambridge
Thesis	The physical chemistry of solid organic colloids with special reference to coal (1945)
Known for	Structure of DNA Fine structure of coal andgraphite Structure of viruses

Niels Bohr
Bohr in 1922
Born	Niels Henrik David Bohr 7 October 1885 Copenhagen, Denmark
Died	18 November 1962 (aged 77) Copenhagen, Denmark
Nationality	Danish
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Copenhagen University of Cambridge Victoria University of Manchester
Alma mater	University of Copenhagen
Doctoral advisor	Christian Christiansen
Other academic advisors	J. J. Thomson Ernest Rutherford
Doctoral students	Hendrik Anthony Kramers
Known for	Copenhagen interpretation Complementarity Bohr model Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization Bohr–van Leeuwen theorem Sommerfeld–Bohr theory BKS theory Bohr–Einstein debates Bohr magneton Bohr orbital Bohr radius Hafnium
Influences	Ernest Rutherford Harald Høffding
Influenced	Werner Heisenberg Wolfgang Pauli Paul Dirac Lise Meitner Max Delbrück and many others
Notable awards	Hughes Medal (1921) Nobel Prize in Physics (1922) Matteucci Medal (1923) Franklin Medal (1926) Max Planck Medal (1930) Copley Medal (1938) Order of the Elephant (1947) Atoms for Peace Award (1957) Sonning Prize (1957) Foreign Member of the Royal Society (1962)[1]
Spouse	Margrethe Nørlund (m. 1912–1962)
Children	six
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Alfred Nobel
Born	Alfred Bernhard Nobel 21 October 1833 Stockholm, Sweden
Died	10 December 1896 (aged 63) Sanremo, Italy
Resting place	Norra begravningsplatsen,Stockholm 59°21′24.52″N 18°1′9.43″E
Occupation	Chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and inventor
Known for	Invention of dynamite, Nobel Prize
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Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev in 1897
Born	Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 8 February 1834 Verkhnie Aremzyani, Tobolsk Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	2 February 1907 (aged 72) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Nationality	Russian
Fields	Chemistry, physics and adjacent fields
Alma mater	Saint Petersburg University
Academic advisors	Gustav Kirchhoff[1]
Notable students	Dmitri Petrovich Konovalov Valery Gemilian Alexander Baykov[citation needed]
Known for	Formulating the Periodic table of chemical elements
Notable awards	Davy Medal (1882) ForMemRS (1892)[2]
Spouse	Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva (1862 - 1871) Anna Ivanova Popova (1882)
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Thomas Edison
"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration." – Thomas Alva Edison, Harper's Monthly(September 1932 edition)
Born	Thomas Alva Edison February 11, 1847 Milan, Ohio, U.S.
Died	October 18, 1931 (aged 84) West Orange, New Jersey, U.S.
Nationality	American
Education	self educated with visits to theCooper Union[1]
Occupation	Inventor, businessman
Religion	Deist (previously Congregationalist)[2]
Spouse(s)	Mary Stilwell (m. 1871–84) Mina Miller (m. 1886–1931)
Children	Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965) Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (1876–1935) William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Madeleine Edison (1888–1979) Charles Edison (1890–1969) Theodore Miller Edison (1898–1992)
Parent(s)	Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896) Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871)
Relatives	Lewis Miller (father-in-law)
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Samuel Morse
Samuel Finley Breese Morse, 1840
Born	Samuel Finley Breese Morse April 27, 1791 Charlestown, Massachusetts
Died	April 2, 1872 (aged 80) 5 West 22nd Street, New York City, New York
Education	Yale College
Occupation	Painter, inventor
Known for	The invention and transmission of Morse code
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Ascanio Sobrero
Ascanio Sobrero
Born	October 12, 1812
Died	May 26, 1888 (aged 75) Turin , Italy
Residence	Italy
Nationality	Italian
Fields	Organic chemistry
Institutions	University of Gießen, University of Turin
Alma mater	University of Gießen
Doctoral advisor	Justus Liebig
Known for	discovery of nitroglycerine

Sir Alexander Fleming
Born	6 August 1881 Lochfield, East Ayrshire, Scotland
Died	11 March 1955 (aged 73) London, England
Citizenship	British
Fields	Bacteriology, immunology
Alma mater	Royal Polytechnic Institution St Mary's Hospital Medical School Imperial College London
Known for	Discovery of penicillin
Notable awards	FRS (1943)[1] Nobel Prize (1945) FRSE FRCS(Eng) Knight Bachelor (1944)
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Rudolf Diesel
Diesel c. 1900
Born	Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel 18 March 1858 Paris, France
Died	29 September 1913 (aged 55) English Channel
Cause of death	Unknown (considered probable suicide by his biographers)
Resting place	North Sea
Residence	Second French Empire
Nationality	German
Ethnicity	German
Occupation	Engineer, inventor, entrepreneur
Employer	Sulzer, Linde, MAN AG, Deutz
Known for	Inventing the diesel engine
Spouse(s)	Martha Diesel (née Flasche)
Children	Rudolf Jr., Heddy and Eugen
Parent(s)	Elise Diesel, Theodor Diesel
Awards	Elliott Cresson Medal (1901)
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Alexander Graham Bell
Portrait photo taken between 1914–19.
Born	March 3, 1847 Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	August 2, 1922 (aged 75) Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia,Canada
Cause of death	Complications from diabetes [1]
Residence	United Kingdom Canada United States
Citizenship	birth–1882    British 1870–71     in Canada [N 1] 1882–death  American
Alma mater	University of Edinburgh University College London
Occupation	Inventor Scientist Engineer Professor a Teacher of the deaf [N 2]
Known for	Invention of the telephone b
Spouse(s)	Mabel Hubbard (m. 1877–1922)
Children	four c
Parent(s)	Alexander Melville Bell Eliza Grace Symonds Bell
Relatives	Gardiner G. Hubbard (father-in-law) David C. Bell (uncle) Gilbert H. Grosvenor (son-in-law) David Fairchild (son-in-law) Melville Bell Grosvenor (grandson) Mabel Grosvenor (granddaughter) A. Graham Bell Fairchild (grandson) Gilbert Grosvenor (great-grandson) Edwin Grosvenor (great-grandson) Chichester Bell (cousin)
Awards	1902  Albert Medal 1907  John Fritz Medal 1912  Elliott Cresson Medal
Bell's voice [3] MENU 0:00 Re-identified in 2013, Bell made this wax-discrecording of his voice in 1885.
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Johannes Kepler
A 1610 portrait of Johannes Kepler by an unknown artist
Born	December 27, 1571 Free Imperial City of Weil der Stadt, Holy Roman Empire
Died	November 15, 1630 (aged 58) Regensburg, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
Residence	Württemberg; Styria; Bohemia;Upper Austria
Nationality	German
Fields	Astronomy, astrology,mathematics and natural philosophy
Institutions	University of Linz
Alma mater	University of Tübingen
Known for	Kepler's laws of planetary motion Kepler conjecture
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Aristotle
Roman copy in marble of a Greek bronze bust of Aristotle by Lysippus, c. 330 BC. The alabaster mantle is modern.
Born	384 BC Stagira, Chalcidice (Chalkidiki), Northern Greece
Died	322 BC (aged 62) Euboea, Greece
Nationality	Greek
Era	Ancient philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Peripatetic school Aristotelianism
Main interests	Biology Zoology Physics Metaphysics Logic Ethics Rhetoric Music Poetry Theatre Politics Government
Notable ideas	Golden mean Aristotelian logic Syllogism Hexis Hylomorphism Theory of the soul

The Honourable Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle (1627–91)
Born	25 January 1627 Lismore, County Waterford,Ireland
Died	31 December 1691 (aged 64) London, England
Nationality	Irish
Fields	Physics, chemistry
Known for	Boyle's law
Influences	Galileo Galilei Otto von Guericke Francis Bacon Samuel Hartlib[1]
Influenced	Isaac Newton
Notable awards	FRS (1663)[2]

Nicolaus Copernicus
1580 portrait (artist unknown) in the Old Town City Hall, Toruń
Born	19 February 1473 Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland
Died	24 May 1543 (aged 70) Frombork (Frauenburg), Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland
Fields	Astronomy Canon law Economics Mathematics Medicine Politics
Alma mater	University of Kraków University of Bologna University of Padua University of Ferrara
Known for	Heliocentrism Copernicus' Law
Influences	Aristarchus of Samos, Martianus Capella
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Charles Darwin
Portrait photograph of Darwin, probably taken in 1854 when he was 45 years old and working towards publication ofOn the Origin of Species[1]
Born	Charles Robert Darwin 12 February 1809 The Mount, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
Died	19 April 1882 (aged 73) Down House, Kent, England
Residence	England
Citizenship	British subject
Nationality	British
Fields	Natural history, Geology
Institutions	Tertiary education: University of Edinburgh Medical School (medicine) Christ's College, Cambridge(University of Cambridge) (BA) Professional institution: Geological Society of London
Academic advisors	John Stevens Henslow Adam Sedgwick
Known for	The Voyage of the Beagle On the Origin of Species evolution by natural selection, common descent
Influences	Alexander von Humboldt John Herschel Charles Lyell
Influenced	Joseph Dalton Hooker Thomas Henry Huxley George Romanes Ernst Haeckel Sir John Lubbock
Notable awards	FRS (1839)[2] Royal Medal (1853) Wollaston Medal (1859) Copley Medal (1864)
Spouse	Emma Darwin (m. 1839)
Children	10 children (see list)
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Stephen Hawking
Hawking at NASA, 1980s
Born	Stephen William Hawking 8 January 1942 (age 73) Oxford, England
Residence	United Kingdom
Nationality	British
Fields	General relativity Quantum gravity
Institutions	University of Cambridge California Institute of Technology Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Alma mater	University of Oxford (BA) University of Cambridge (PhD)[1]
Thesis	Properties of Expanding Universes (1965[2])
Doctoral advisor	Dennis Sciama[3]
Other academic advisors	Robert Berman[citation needed]
Doctoral students	Bruce Allen[3][4] Raphael Bousso[3][5] Bernard Carr[3][6] Fay Dowker[3][7] Christophe Galfard[8] Gary Gibbons[3][9] Thomas Hertog[3][10] Raymond Laflamme[3][11] Don Page[3][12] Malcolm Perry[3][13] Wu Zhongchao[3][14]
Known for	Hawking radiation Penrose–Hawking theorems A Brief History of Time (1988)
Notable awards	Adams Prize (1966) FRS (1974)[15] Eddington Medal (1975) Maxwell Medal and Prize (1976) Heineman Prize (1976) Hughes Medal (1976) Albert Einstein Award (1978) CBE (1982) RAS Gold Medal (1985) Dirac Medal (1987) Wolf Prize (1988) CH (1989) Prince of Asturias Award (1989) Andrew Gemant Award (1998) Naylor Prize and Lectureship (1999) Lilienfeld Prize (1999) Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts) (1999) Copley Medal (2006) Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009) Fundamental Physics Prize (2012) FRSA
Spouse	Jane Wilde Hawking (m. 1965; div. 1995) Elaine Mason (m. 1995; div. 2006)
Children	Robert (b. 1967) Lucy (b. 1970) Timothy (b. 1979)

René Descartes
Portrait after Frans Hals, 1648[1]
Born	31 March 1596 La Haye en Touraine, Kingdom of France
Died	11 February 1650 (aged 53) Stockholm, Sweden
Nationality	French
Religion	Roman Catholic[2]
Era	17th-century philosophy
Region	Western Philosophy
School	Cartesianism, rationalism,foundationalism, founder ofCartesianism
Main interests	metaphysics, epistemology,mathematics, physics, cosmology
Notable ideas	Cogito ergo sum, method of doubt,method of normals, Cartesian coordinate system, Cartesian dualism, ontological argument for the existence of God, mathesis universalis; folium of Descartes
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Influenced[show]
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Robert Hooke
Modern portrait of Robert Hooke (Rita Greer 2004), based on descriptions by Aubrey andWaller; no contemporary depictions of Hooke are known to survive.
Born	28 July [O.S. 18 July] 1635 Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England
Died	3 March 1703 (aged 67) London, England
Nationality	English
Fields	Physics and chemistry
Institutions	Oxford University
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford
Academic advisors	Robert Boyle
Known for	Hooke's law Microscopy applied the word 'cell'
Influences	Richard Busby

Euclid
Euclid by Justus van Gent, 15th century
Born	Mid-4th century BC
Died	Mid-3rd century BC
Residence	Alexandria, Hellenistic Egypt
Fields	Mathematics
Known for	Euclidean geometry Euclid's Elements Euclidean algorithm

Pythagoras
Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the Capitoline Museums, Rome.
Born	c. 570 BC Samos
Died	c. 495 BC (aged around 75) Metapontum
Era	Ancient philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Pythagoreanism
Main interests	Metaphysics Music Mathematics Ethics Politics
Notable ideas	Musica universalis Pythagorean tuning Pythagorean theorem
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Christiaan Huygens
Christiaan Huygens by Bernard Vaillant,Museum Hofwijck, Voorburg
Born	14 April 1629 The Hague, Dutch Republic
Died	8 July 1695 (aged 66) The Hague, Dutch Republic
Residence	Netherlands, France
Nationality	Dutch
Fields	Physics Mathematics Astronomy Horology
Institutions	Royal Society of London French Academy of Sciences
Alma mater	University of Leiden University of Angers
Known for	Titan Explanation of Saturn's rings Centrifugal force Collision formulae Pendulum clock Huygens–Fresnel principle Wave theory Birefringence Evolute Huygenian eyepiece 31 equal temperament musical tuning Huygens–Steiner theorem
Influences	Galileo Galilei René Descartes Frans van Schooten
Influenced	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Isaac Newton[1][2]

Leonhard Euler
Portrait by Jakob Emanuel Handmann (1753)
Born	15 April 1707 Basel, Switzerland
Died	18 September 1783(aged 76) [OS: 7 September 1783] Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Residence	Kingdom of Prussia, Russian Empire Switzerland
Fields	Mathematics and physics
Institutions	Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences Berlin Academy
Alma mater	University of Basel
Doctoral advisor	Johann Bernoulli
Doctoral students	Nicolas Fuss Johann Hennert Stepan Rumovsky
Other notable students	Joseph Louis Lagrange
Known for	See full list
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Notes
He is the father of the mathematician Johann Euler. He is listed by an academic genealogy as the equivalent to the doctoral advisor of Joseph Louis Lagrange.[1]

John Locke
Born	29 August 1632 Wrington, Somerset, England
Died	28 October 1704 (aged 72) High Laver, Essex, England
Nationality	English
Era	17th-century philosophy (Modern philosophy)
Region	Western Philosophy
School	British Empiricism, Social Contract,Natural Law
Main interests	Metaphysics, epistemology,political philosophy, philosophy of mind, education, economics
Notable ideas	Tabula rasa, "government with the consent of the governed", state of nature; rights of life, liberty andproperty
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Influenced[show]
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